Chiefs of the Six Nations, after photo by Horatio Hale, 1871

The First NFTs Pre-existed the United States

Albert Bates
The Shadow
Published in
16 min readJun 5, 2022

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The first NFT was a long, beaded belt of white wampum with two parallel lines of purple beads.

At the time when Europeans made first contact with North Americans, beaded belts of wampum were something like blockchain tokens — employing proof of work as authentication of value. They were not really used as a substitute for barter, as Europeans then and many historians today still…

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Albert Bates
The Shadow

Emergency Planetary Technician and Climate Science Wonk — using naturopathic remedies to recover the Holocene without geoengineering or ponzinomics.